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The search behavior of terrestrial mammals

Noonan, M. J.; Martinez Garcia, R.; Fleming, C. H.; Garcia De Figueiredo, B.; Ali, A. H.; Attias, N.; Belant, J. L.; Beyer Jr., D. E.; Berteaux, D.; Bidner, L. R.; Boone, R.; Boutin, S.; Brito, J.; Brown, M.; Carter, A.; Castellanos, A.; Castellanos, F. X.; Chitwood, C.; Darlington, S.; Antonio De La Torre, J.; Dekker, J.; Deperno, C.; Droghini, A.; Farhadinia, M.; Fennessy, J.; Fichtel, C.; Ford, A.; Gill, R.; Goheen, J. R.; Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, L.; Hebblewhite, M.; Hodges, K. E.; Isbell, L. A.; Janssen, R.; Kappeler, P.; Kays, R.; Kaczensky, P.; Kauffman, M.; Lapoint, S.; Alan Lashley, M.; Leimgruber, P.; Little, A.; Macdonald, D. W.; Masiaine, S.; T. McBride Jr., R.; Patricia Medici, E.; Mertes, K.; Moorman, C.; Morato, R. G.; Mourão, G.; Mueller, T.; Neilson, E. W.; Pastorini, J.; Patterson, B. D.; Pereira, J.; Petroelje, T. R.; Piecora, K.; John Power, R.; Rachlow, J.; Ranglack, D. H.; Roshier, D.; Safford, K.; Scott, D. M.; Serrouya, R.; Songer, M.; Songsasen, N.; Stabach, J.; Stacy-Dawes, J.; Swingen, M. B.; Thompson, J.; Tucker, M. A.; Velilla, M.; Yarnell, R. W.; Young, J.; Fagan, W. F.; Calabrese, J.

Abstract

Animals moving through landscapes need to strike a balance between finding sufficient resources to grow and reproduce while minimizing encounters with predators 1,2. Because encounter rates are determined by the average distance over which directed motion persists 1,3–5, this trade-off should be apparent in individuals’ movement. Using GPS data from 1,396 individuals across 62 species of terrestrial mammals, we show how predators maintained directed motion ~7 times longer than for similarly-sized prey, revealing how prey species must trade off search efficiency against predator encounter rates. Individual search strategies were also modulated by resource abundance, with prey species forced to risk higher predator encounter rates when resources were scarce. These findings highlight the interplay between encounter rates and resource availability in shaping broad patterns mammalian movement strategies.

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