Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

We present a new theoretical model describing damped gravity-capillary waves in orbitally shaken cylinders. Our model
can account for both free-surface and two-layer interfacial waves and is therefore versatilely applicable to two different devices: to
study interfacial wave instabilities in liquid metal batteries and to better predict mixing regimes in orbitally shaken bioreactors. We
complement a potential model with viscous damping rates to incorporate energy dissipation. This approach allows us to calculate
explicit formulas for the responding amplitudes and the phase shifts between wave and shaker, which are in good agreement with our
experiments. As an unexpected result, the model predicts the formation of novel spiral wave patterns under the influence of strong
damping. By employing a Background-Oriented Schlieren method we can experimentally verify their existence.